Romesa Umar

ISLAMABAD: A severe winter smog wave blanketing major Pakistani cities has pushed air quality into the hazardous range, sparking a surge in demand for home air purifiers as families try to protect themselves from toxic particulate pollution. The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) warned that this year&rsquo;s smog should be treated as a &ldquo;public health threat,&rdquo; urging households to adopt indoor air-filtration measures as part of a layered protection strategy. The National Institute of Health has cautioned that hazardous smog spells will continue across eastern Punjab, including Lahore, Faisalabad, and Multan. Indoor filtration gains urgencyPakistan&rsquo;s recurring winter smog is driven by extreme concentrations of fine particulate matter, known as PM2.5. Pollution particularly harmful to children, older adults, and people with respiratory conditions. Health experts note that high-grade air purifiers equipped with True HEPA H13 or H14 filters can remove 99.97% of particles as small as 0.3 microns, effectively capturing the pollutants dominating the seasonal haze. Units with activated carbon filters also help absorb gases and volatile organic compounds emitted from traffic and industry. In its 2025 advisory, the NDMA recommended using air purifiers in frequently occupied rooms, sealing windows, avoiding non-essential travel, and wearing N95 or KN95 masks outdoors. For many families, the difference indoors is immediate. Ayesha Ali, a Lahore resident and asthma patient, said she relies on filtration technology to safeguard her household. &ldquo;I use Xiaomi, it&rsquo;s better than Philips in many ways because of the micro pollutants it absorbs,&rdquo; she told Pakistan TV Digital. &ldquo;The HEPA filter and price make it the best for a bedroom.&rdquo; She added that filter duration depends on use: &ldquo;Generally it is six months, but mine has stayed longer than that. I check it through my in-app status.&rdquo; The NDMA also suggested a low-cost alternative: natural air-purifying indoor plants, such as snake plants or spider plants, to improve indoor air quality. While not a replacement for HEPA filtration, they provide additional relief for families unable to afford high-end purifiers. Understanding HEPA complianceHEPA compliance requires a filter to meet a legally defined standard for high-efficiency particulate air filtration. A true HEPA filter must remove at least 99.97% of airborne particles measuring 0.3 microns, the Most Penetrating Particle Size (MPPS), considered the hardest for filters to trap. HEPA filters often perform even better at capturing particles both larger and smaller than this threshold due to diffusion and interception mechanisms. Cost pressures widen the market divideDespite growing demand, affordability remains a significant barrier. Effective HEPA H13 models often start at Rs45,000 ($159), putting them out of reach for many low-income families. Since a single purifier typically covers only one room, larger households face steep cumulative costs. Local manufacturers, including Royal Fans, GFC, Canon, and ZebSol, offer HEPA-compliant devices priced between Rs35,000 ($124) and Rs70,000 ($248). International brands such as Philips, Xiaomi, and Dyson range from Rs37,000 ($131) for basic units to Rs275,000 ($973) for high-end models. Maintenance adds another layer of cost. Most HEPA filters need replacement every six to twelve months, at Rs15,000&ndash;Rs30,000 ($53&ndash;$106). Heavier pollution in cities like Lahore and Islamabad accelerates filter clogging, pushing annual upkeep to Rs12,000&ndash;Rs30,000 ($42&ndash;$106). Umman Waseem, a Lahore resident, said performance concerns often steer buyers toward international brands. &ldquo;We had to save up and order a Dyson air purifier from my wife&rsquo;s friend who was travelling back from the UK because I wasn&rsquo;t satisfied with the local alternatives available,&rdquo; he said. Public awareness growsThe worsening smog has increased public attention on indoor air quality, particularly among parents and those with chronic respiratory illnesses. Government advisories emphasize indoor precautions, outdoor protective measures, and long-term initiatives such as emissions control, stronger air-quality monitoring, and seasonal preparedness. For many urban households, air purifiers have shifted from discretionary luxuries to essential equipment. A cost increasingly viewed as unavoidable during Pakistan&rsquo;s peak smog season.<figure class="fr-media"><figcaption class="caption-cover-image text-sm text-gray-600 italic"> </figcaption></figure>

File Photo: Smog seen in Lahore (Associated Press of Pakistan)

Health

A severe winter smog wave blanketing major Pakistani cities has pushed air quality into the hazardous range, sparking a surge in demand for home air purifiers as families try to protect themselves from toxic particulate pollution.

Smog crisis drives indoor air purifier demand across Pakistan

Faraz Saeed

LAHORE: Lahore continues to rank as the world&rsquo;s most polluted city for a fifth straight day, as cross-border smoke from widespread crop burning in India mixes with local emissions to drive smog to dangerous levels across Pakistan&rsquo;s Punjab.&nbsp;According to the Swiss air monitoring platform IQAir, the Air Quality Index (AQI) of Pakistan&rsquo;s second largest city surged to 567 on Wednesday morning, placing it in the &ldquo;hazardous&rdquo; category and prompting health advisories and enforcement actions.&nbsp;Earlier this week, Lahore&rsquo;s AQI had peaked at 424, while PM2.5 levels reached 287 &micro;g/m&sup3;, far exceeding safe limits. Karachi also recorded severe pollution on October 28, ranking third globally with an AQI of 174, while New Delhi placed second with 276.&nbsp;In response, the Punjab government has revised school timings, with classes now beginning at 8:45 am, to limit children&rsquo;s exposure during peak smog hours.&nbsp;Environmental experts say stagnant winter air, vehicle emissions, industrial output, and agricultural fires are collectively worsening conditions. However, smoke from crop residue burning across the border in Ludhiana, Jalandhar, and Haryana has notably intensified smog, elevating PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations across Pakistan&rsquo;s largest province.&nbsp;Health professionals warn that prolonged exposure to such hazardous air can lead to stroke, heart disease, chronic respiratory illness, and lung cancer. Residents have been advised to wear masks and avoid outdoor activities, particularly during early morning and late evening.&nbsp;The Punjab Disaster Management Authority (PDMA) has declared a high alert across Lahore, Gujranwala, Sheikhupura, Kasur, Faisalabad, Multan, and Rahim Yar Khan.&nbsp;&ldquo;The intensity of smog is expected to increase from November to mid-December,&rdquo; said PDMA Director Hameedullah Malik in a statement to Pakistan TV Digital. He said a ban is in place on burning crop residues, solid waste, tires, plastic, and rubber, adding that legal action will be taken against violators.&nbsp;Tech-driven crackdownThe Punjab Safe Cities Authority (PSCA) has deployed drone surveillance to identify active pollution sources. Over the past 48 hours, authorities detected more than 756 violations, according to PSCA.&nbsp;Meanwhile, the Department of Environmental Protection and Climate Change is promoting sustainable alternatives to burning. At a seminar in Kabirwala, farmers were trained to manage rice stubble without setting fields ablaze. Officials explained how agricultural waste can be converted into biomass energy, turning residue into a resource rather than smoke.&nbsp;&ldquo;Smog is a serious environmental and public health issue, requiring collective and coordinated efforts,&rdquo; said Project Coordinator Dr. Younus Zahid.&nbsp;Citizens have been urged to report smog-causing activities to the helpline 15.&nbsp;Senior Minister Marriyum Aurangzeb said nine departments are carrying out joint anti-smog operations, with environmental squads in the field and drone monitoring of brick kilns. She said AQI forecasting has been introduced in Punjab for early intervention, in addition to high-powered anti-smog guns deployed by the Environment Protection Agency.&nbsp;She advised vulnerable groups to stay indoors at night. &ldquo;Already a ban is in place on all types of outdoor activities at schools,&rdquo; she said.&nbsp;Local innovation for pollution controlEngineers at the University of Engineering and Technology (UET) have developed an anti-smog gun with a 40-meter spray range, designed to suppress dust at high-pollution sites.&nbsp;UET Vice Chancellor Professor Munir, speaking to Pakistan TV Digital, said the system would be deployed at construction sites, stone-crushing plants, and mining operations, all major contributors to airborne particulate pollution.

Climate & Environment

In Lahore, hazardous smog persists for a fifth day as cross-border crop burning from India and local emissions drive pollution to dangerous levels, triggering health warnings, school adjustments, and province-wide enforcement.

Articles tagged with "Air Quality Index"

Smog crisis drives indoor air purifier demand across Pakistan

Pakistan battles severe smog as Indian crop burning intensifies air crisis